Archive for the ‘Smart Grid’ Category
The smart grid needs to provide the utility companies with full visibility and pervasive control over their assets and services. The smart grid is required to be self-healing and resilient to system anomalies. And last but not least, the smart grid needs to empower its stakeholders to define and realize new ways of engaging with each other and performing energy transactions across the system. To allow pervasive control and monitoring, the smart grid is emerging as a convergence of information technology and communication technology with power system engineering. Figure depicts the salient features of the smart grid in comparison with the existing grid.
Source:
Hassan Farhangi «The Path of the Smart Grid» IEEE Power & Energy Mazagine. January/February 2010. Pag 18 -28.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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J963e: Other example of microgrid con cell fuel wind turbine PV microturbine battery bank and loads…
This microgrid have different elements: wind turbine, photovoltaics, fuel cell, battery bank, microturbine and interconection with main grifd. The level power is little but it is a interesting microgrid for study. It is a typical AC microgrid with load distribuited in many locations into microgrid. Main grind is a sub-transmission network in 20 kV.
Image Source:
Aris L. Dimeas, Nikos D. Natziargyriou “Operation of Multiagent System for Microgrid Control” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 3, August 2005.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The overall procedure is the following:
1. The Market Operator (MO) announces the prices for selling (SP) or buying (BP) energy to the Microgrid. Normally it is SP>BP.
2. The local loads announce their demands for the next 15 minutes and an initial price (DP) for the kWh. It is DP>BPand DP<SP.
3. The production units accept or decline the load offer according to an Auction Price (AP).
4. The negotiation continues for a specific time (5 min).
5. After the end of the negotiation time, all the units have adjusted their set points. If there is no production unit within the Microgrid to satisfy the load demand, the power is bought from the grid. In addition, the grid can be considered as a load too, so the production or storage units can sell energy to the grid.
Source:
Aris L. Dimeas, Nikos D. Natziargyriou “Operation of Multiagent System for Microgrid Control” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 3, August 2005.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The DNO’s responsible for the technical operation in a medium and low voltage area, in which more than one Microgrids may exist. In addition, one or more MO’s are responsible for the Market Operation of this area. These two entities do not belong to the Microgrid, but they are the delegates of the grid. The DNO
refers to the operational functions of the system and the MO to the Market functions. It should be noted that, despite the autonomous operation of the Microgrid, it should ideally appear as a controlled, intelligent unit in coordination with the DNO.
The MGCC is the main responsible for the optimization of the Microgrid operation, or alternatively, it simply coordinates the local controllers, which assume the main responsibility for this optimization.
The LC’s control the Distributed Energy Resources (DER), production and storage units, and some of the local loads. Depending on themode of operation, they have certain level of intelligence, in order to take decisions locally. Of course, in any type of operation there are certain decisions that can be taken only locally.
Source:
Aris L. Dimeas, Nikos D. Natziargyriou «Operation of Multiagent System for Microgrid Control» IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 3, August 2005.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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Sun –> energy provided from photovoltaic energy plant.
Wind –> similar from wind turbine(s)
Batt –> similar from battery bank
ene –> similar injected from electrical network external or utility electric network
In other image in red is the total suministed for this sources and red line is the demand. Other images is cost, evoluction of energy supply from each source and more details. It is made for me (Jorge Mírez) in Matlabb/Simulink and I utilized concept of linear programming. Image is from my destokp laptop.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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A simple block diagram of a hybrid power system is shown in Figure. The sources of electric power in this hybrid system consist of a diesel generator, a battery bank, a PV array, and a wind generator. The diesel generator is the main source of power around the world. The output of the diesel generator is regulated ac voltage, which supplies the load directly through the main distribution transformer. The battery bank, the PV array, and the wind turbine are interlinked through a dc bus. The RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) regulates the flow of power to and from the different units, depending on the load. The integration of a RTU into a hybrid power system is important to enhance the performance of the system. The overall purpose of the RTU is to give knowledgeable personnel the ability to monitor and control the hybrid system from an external control center. Since the hybrid systems of interest in this research are located in remote areas, the ability for external monitoring and control is of utmost importance. The RTU is interfaced with a variety of sensors and control devices located at key locations within the hybrid system. The RTU processes the data from these sensors and transmits it to a control center. In addition, the RTU is also capable of receiving control signals and adjusting parameters within the system without the physical presence of the operating personnel.
Source:
Richard W. Wies, Ron A. Johnson, Ashish N. Agrawal and Tyler J. Chubb «Simulink Model for Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of a PV With Diesel-Battery System for Remote Villages» IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, May 2005
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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This a example of a AC microgrid with differents equipment from usually photovoltaic solar plant (PV), CHPs, boilers and diesel generators. Many electric lines and loads placed on a characteristic topology of new tendence in market electrical
Source:
In-Su Bae and Jin-O Kim «Phasor Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Configure Micro-grids» Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 9 -16, 2012
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The proposed DIEMS (distributed intelligent energy management system) allow instantaneous optimization of alternative and renewable power sources. The use of storage requires an optimization scheme that considers the time-integral part of the load flow. So, the energy management has to perform energy scheduling a single day or multiple days ahead. An intelligent energy management system in thus required which enables short-term energy allocation scheduling at minimun costs based on power generation and load demand. The function of the DIEMS is to generate set points for all the sources and storages in such a way that economically optimized power dispatch will be maintained to fulfill certain load demand. Generation forescast as well as some fast online algorithms are used to define the energy availability and, finally, to define the optimized power dispatch signals to the loads, as well as to the grid using UPLC (universal active power line conditioner). This energy management system, consists of prediction modulo, optimization module, and online control module, is shown in Figure.
Source:
Sudipta Chakraborty, Manoja D. Weiss and M. Godoy Simöes «Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System for a Single-Phase High-Frequency AC Microgrid» IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Vol. 54, No. 1, February 2007.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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There is a significative difference storage system and electric power system interconnection unit. The microgrid usually has as high power from grid point of view that it is connected to medium voltage fine, typically 15 kV in Poland. Although the power system interconnection unit has almost the structure as storage system, its primary voltage is in range of kilovolts and is sinusoidal. So, it requires different power electronic converter. It is assumed in Poland that all devices connected to 15 kV lines have to be joined using 50 Hz transformer. Hence, the grid interconnection unit can have a structure shown in Figure.
Source:
Piotr Biczel. “Power Electronic Converters in DC Microgrid”. IEEE 5th International Conference – Workshop, Compatibility in Power Electronics, CPE 2007. Poland.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The energy storage systems operating in the microgrid are usually electrochemical ones, based on lead-acid battery. Typical estructure is shown in Figure. The microgrid and battery voltages are typically in range of 1000 V and rather similar.
Source:
Piotr Biczel. “Power Electronic Converters in DC Microgrid”. IEEE 5th International Conference – Workshop, Compatibility in Power Electronics, CPE 2007. Poland.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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El block diagram structure of a microgrid is shown in Figure. The main task of the power plant’s power electronic converter is to fit primary energy converter’s output voltage to the microgrid power line voltage, and source operating point control as well as low and high level microgrid’s control. The converter’s structure depends on a type of primary energy converter. A common feature of the converters concerns their output current. It should be permanent and low ripple.
Source:
Piotr Biczel. “Power Electronic Converters in DC Microgrid”. IEEE 5th International Conference – Workshop, Compatibility in Power Electronics, CPE 2007. Poland.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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This is my simulation made on Matlab/Simulink about difference time of conextion in bank condensers. The reactive power change in the time and it is aleatory. In this context, the mathematical models have that made the emulation of this performance.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The CERTS Microgrid program has developed control methods to allow the installation of distributed generators (DGs) in commercial and industrial electric power systems in a “plug and play” manner. These control methods allow the generators to be electrically distributed, rather than be installed on the same electrical bus, and do not require intergenerator communications in order to maintain appropriate voltage and frequency at each generator. Note in figure that there is a communication link with the DGs that is labeled “Energy Manager”. This is a conventional energy manager that is used for power dispatch purposes, not for frequency or voltage control. This energy manager can use relatively slow communications links, such as telephone or internet, since it has no bearing on system stability.
Source:
John Stevens «CERTS Microgrid System Test». IEEExplore
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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Many examples there is in this blog about DC microgrids (see last post or search in blog). This blog is for share information of actual tendence in electricity. It is part of my research as doctoral student in physics in National University of Engineering in Lima, Perú; and actually I am writing in english. For last post, the blog have a traductor box option. Near to 1000 post about diferents topic in renewable energy focused in microgrid, smartgrid and its modelling ans simulation witn Matlab/Simulink. I know this software and its very good, practical for science and engineering. In May or June is possible I will expose mi thesys doctoral, previus days or weeks I posted the exact time for all people see in live or via internet. This figure is other DC microgrid scheme with different technologies interconnected at a some bus DC for transfered electric power. Jorge Mírez (please visit and link my fanpage http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu )
Source of Figure:
N. R. Rahmanov, N. M. Tabatabaei, K. Dursun, O. Z. Kerimov. “Combined AC-DC Microgrids: Case Study – Network Development and Simulation” International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering. September 2012, Issue 12, Volume 4, Number 3, Pages 157 – 161.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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In the office there are many electronic equipment, it for the general, to use DC voltage. There is certain paradigme about the data center made more for market that for technical reasons… ups, many companies it not like. Ok, the figure shown the special configuration (a example) of electrical supply to equipment office. Very good, it is a representative used of potential DC microgrids.
Source of Figure:
N. R. Rahmanov, N. M. Tabatabaei, K. Dursun, O. Z. Kerimov. «Combined AC-DC Microgrids: Case Study – Network Development and Simulation» International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering. September 2012, Issue 12, Volume 4, Number 3, Pages 157 – 161.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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This a typical scheme of a microgrid AC/DC. It maybe contain many technologies as micro-source, storage, loads and monitoring and control. Un Microgrid Bus linked the different components.
Source:
N. R. Rahmanov, N. M. Tabatabaei, K. Dursun, O. Z. Kerimov. «Combined AC-DC Microgrids: Case Study – Network Development and Simulation» International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering. September 2012, Issue 12, Volume 4, Number 3, Pages 157 – 161.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The basic philosophy in developing the perfect power system is first to increase the independence, flexibility, and intelligence for optimization of energy use and energy management at the local level; and then to integrate local systems as necessary or justified for deliveringperfect power supply and services.
This path started with the notion that increasingly consumers expect perfection in the end-use devices and appliances they have. Not only does portability enable a highly mobile digital society; but also once perfection in portability is defined, it provides elements of perfection that enable, in turn, a localize perfect system. Localized perfect systems can also accommodate increasing consumer demands for independence, convenience, appearance, environmentally friendly service and cost control.
Local systems can in turn be integrated into distributed perfect systems. Distributed perfect systems can, in turn be interconnected and integrated with technologies that ultimately enable a fully integrated perfect power system. The figure summarizes each of these system configuration stages.
Each of these configurations can essentially be considered a possible structure for the perfect power system in its own right, but each stage logically evolves to the next stage based on the efficiencies, and quality or service value improvements to be attained. In effect, these potential system configuration stages build on each other starting from a portable power system connected to other portable power systems which then can evolve into a building integrated power system, a distributed power system and eventually to a fully integrated power system.
Source:
Clark W. Gellings.The Smart Grid. CRC Press. 2009. ISBN-10 0-88173-623-6
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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A consortium was created by EPRI to help the energy industry pave the way to IntelliGridSM —the architecture of the smart grid of the future. Partners are utilities, manufactures and representatives of the public sector. They fund and manage research and development (R&D) dedicated to implementing the concepts of the IntelliGridSM.
The objective: The convergence of greater consumer choice and rapid advances in the communications, computing and electronics industries is influencing a similar change in the power industry. The growing knowledge-based economy requires a digital power delivery system that links information technology with energy delivery.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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A smart grid has the potential to benefit the environment, consumers, utilities and the nation as a whole in numerous ways, as summarized in Figure. The benefits include the mechanisms for enhanced reliability and power quality as well as energy savings and carbon emission reductions, plus other dividends
Source:
EPRI Report 1016905, “The Green Grid,” June 2008
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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This is a part of my results about interconnected of two microgrids. It have flow power in function a its capacities, but probably a deficit and/or surplus in supply or demand in both microgrids is present. Negative is deficit in microgrid to import from other source different to other microgrid. Positivo is surplus in microgrid by export to other demand different at other microgrid. The figure is a simple example for to show that it is possible using mathematical modelling and simulations on Matlab of MathWork Inc.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu
Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-luis-mirez-tarrillo-94918423/
Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56488109800
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_dSpp4YAAAAJ
MATLAB Group Admin in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Matlab.Simulink.for.All
WhatsApp Channel/Canal: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCvpZsAYlUSz2esek2y
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Dear reader, if you wish to make a donation or are interested in any information or code, please contact me (e-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe). Donations will allow you to continue studying and researching, and also to provide more information on this blog. My PayPal account is jorgemirez2002@gmail.com or if it is by bank transfer write to my email jmirez@uni.edu.pe. Any amount of money is welcome. Thank you.
Estimado lector, si desean hacer una donación o le interesa alguna información o código, favor ponerse en contacto con mi persona (e-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe). Las donaciones va a permitir seguir estudiando e investigando, y además, el poder brindar más información en este blog. Mi cuenta en PayPal es jorgemirez2002@gmail.com o si es por transferencia bancaria escribirme a mi correo jmirez@uni.edu.pe. Cualquier cantidad de dinero es bienvenido. Gracias.
Datos Generales
Good day. My full name is Jorge Luis MIREZ TARRILLO.
I am Peruvian and live in Lima, capital of Perú in South America.I am Mechanical Electrical Engineering, MSc Physics and Dr. Physics (title doctoral thesis: Control, Optimization, and Management of Microgrid Current Direct)
Too, actually job as Principal Professor in Faculty of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (National University of Engineering) in Lima – PERU (Courses: Modern Physics, Differential Equations and Research's Methodology)
My subjects of my interest are control, signal processing, optimization, simulation, biomedical research, smart grid, microgrid, water.
I have experience in Matlab/Simulink programming, biomedical equipment, electrical systems, renewable energies, microgrids, saturated steam systems 100 psi and organizing academic events.
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