Archive for the ‘Rectifier’ Category

Como generador de turbina de viento, un generador sincrónico de imanes permanentes (PMSG) es usado en el presente post. La energía mecánica es adquirida de la energía cinética del viento a través de una turbina de viento, y el PMSG convierte ésta energía a energía eléctrica. La salida de PMSG es convertida a potencia DC a través de un rectificador de tiristores. La potencia de salida de la turbina de viento es igual a la potencia convertida DC si las pérdidas en el generador y rectificador son despreciables.
Referencia: S. M. Muyeen «Wind Energy Conversion Systems – Technology and Trends» Springer. New York. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2201-2
Regards:
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Este es un esquema bastante interesante aunque no lo veo tan práctico, sin embargo, considero que el autor visualizó la idea de dos lugares diferentes con diferente potencial energético renovable en la misma área en que se implementa la microred. Hacia el lado izquierdo se visualiza turbinas eólicas como fuente de generación renovable y en la derecha se visualiza que son paneles solares. En ambos lados se tienen cargas AC y DC. El bus de la microred prácticamente está partido en dos. A ambos sub-bus se conectan con conversores AC/DC a un sólo bus o barra que viene a ser la del punto de común acoplamiento con la red eléctrica externa, a la que también está conectada un sistema de almacenamiento que da soporte a ambas partes de la microred. Existen también supercapacitores, pero considero que estos están más que todo por asuntos de mejorar la calidad de la energía eléctrica que por un respaldo en bloque de toda o parte de la microred.
Fuente: Wenchao Fan, Zaijun Wu, Xiaobo Dou et at «Design of a Microgrid with Low-Voltage Ride-Through Capability and Simulation Experiment». Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol.2014, Art. ID 324527
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Enlace del libro (información, precio, compra): https://www.morebooks.de/store/es/book/introducci%C3%B3n-al-modelamiento-y-simulaci%C3%B3n-de-microredes-de-energ%C3%ADa/isbn/978-3-639-63529-4
Introducción al Modelamiento y Simulación de Microredes de Energía
Un acercamiento a los sistemas eléctricos del futuro mediante la ingeniería, física, matemática y programación
Editorial Académica Española (2016-10-25 )
ISBN-13:978-3-639-63529-4
ISBN-10:3639635299
EAN:9783639635294
Idioma del libro:
Notas y citas / Texto breve:
En el libro desarrollo el modelamiento y simulación de una microred (microgrid) de voltaje continuo/alterno alimentado con fuentes solar fotovoltaica, eólica, de almacenamiento, una red eléctrica convencional (red de empresa pública o privada de electricidad) y que posee además cargas eléctricas. En dicha microgrid se realiza la evaluación del comportamiento de los parámetros del sistema: voltaje, corriente, potencia y energía eléctrica, en condiciones normales de funcionamiento. Matlab/Simulink de MathWork Inc. es la herramienta de simulación usada y los códigos son dados en Anexos. El libro está pensando para un amplio círculo de lectores, entre: (a) estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de diferentes carreras relacionadas a la temática de microgrids, energias renovables y energia en general, como son de ingeniería mecanica, eléctrica, electrónica y electromecanico; física, matemática, computacion, economía, entre otras; (b) empresarios y profesionales que desean especializarse o ampliar sus conocimientos en energías renovables y/o modelamiento matemático y simulación numérica; (c) autoridades y público en general interesados en temas de energía.
Editorial: Editorial Académica Española
Sitio web: https://www.eae-publishing.com
Por (autor): Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Número de páginas: 240
Publicado en: 2016-10-25
Categoría: Tecnología
Palabras clave: Energías renovables, Microred, Modelamiento y Simulación, sistema eléctrico, Matlab Simulink
(Dénle Me gusta en mi Fanpage personal: http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirez )
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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The dc-bus microgrid link the diferent component of the microgrid both loads as sources. The figure is a general representation with conextion to AC-grid, wind turbine, PV solar plant, DC and AC loads, Batteries, fluwheel, micro turbine, AC/DC converser, DC/AC converser and DC/DC converser.
Source:
S. Vimalraj, P. Somasundaram, “Fault Detection, Isolation and Identification of Fault Location in Low-Voltage DC Ring Bus Microgrid System,” Int. J. Advanced Res. in Electrical, Electronics and Instr. Eng. vol. 3, special iss. 2, pp: 570-582, Apr. 2014
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Another example for the control structure used for full-scale converter-based wind turbine concept is shown in Figure. An advantage of this turbine system is that the dc link performs some kinds of control decoupling between the turbine and the grid. The dc link will also give an option for the wind turbines to be connected with energy storage units, which can better manage the active power flow into the grid system—this feature will further improve the grid supporting abilities of the wind turbines. The generated active power of the WTS is controlled by the generator side converter, whereas the reactive power is controlled by the grid side converter. It is noted that a dc chopper is normally introduced to prevent overvoltage of dc link in case of grid faults, when the extra turbine power needs to be dissipated as the sudden drop of grid voltage
Source:
Frede Blaabjerg and Ke Ma “Future on Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2013
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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The control methods for a DFIG-based WTS are shown in Figure. Below maximum power production, the wind turbine will typically vary the rotational speed proportional with the wind speed and keep the pitch angleθ fixed. At very low wind speed, the rotational speed will be fixed at the maximum allowable slip to prevent over voltage of generator output. A pitch angle controller is used to limit the power when the turbine output is above the nominal power. The total electrical power of the WTS is regulated by controlling the DFIG through the rotor side converter. The control strategy of the grid side converter is simply just to keep the dc-link voltage fixed. It is noted that a trend is to use a crowbar connected to the rotor of DFIG to improve the control performance under grid faults.
Source:
Frede Blaabjerg and Ke Ma “Future on Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2013
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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The second important concept that is popular for the newly developed and installed wind turbines is shown in Figure. It introduces a full-scale power converter to interconnect the power grid and stator windings of the generator, thus all the generated power from the wind turbine can be regulated. The asynchronous generator, wound rotor SG (WRSG) or permanent magnet SG (PMSG) have been reported as solutions to be used. The elimination of slip rings, simpler or even eliminated gearbox, full power and speed controllability as well as better grid support ability are the main advantages compared with the DFIG-based concept. The more stressed and expensive power electronic components as well as the higher power losses in the converter are, however, the main drawbacks for this concept.
Source:
Frede Blaabjerg and Ke Ma “Future on Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2013
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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This wind turbine concept is the most adopted solution nowadays and it has been used extensively since 2000s. As shown in Figure, a PEC is adopted in conjunction with the DFIG. The stator windings of DFIG are directly connected to the power grid, whereas the rotor windings are connected to the power grid by the converter with normally 30% capacity of the wind turbine. In this concept, the frequency and the current in the rotor can be flexibly regulated and thus the variable speed range can be extended to a satisfactory level. The smaller converter capacity makes this concept attractive seen from a cost point of view. Its main drawbacks are however, the use of slip rings and the challenging power controllability in the case of grid faults—these disadvantages may comprise the reliability and may be difficult to completely satisfy the future grid requirements
Source:
Frede Blaabjerg and Ke Ma «Future on Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems» IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2013
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Classical HVDC transmission systems [as shown in Figure (a)] are based on the current source converters with naturally commutated thyristors, which are the so-called linecommutated converters (LCCs). This name originates from the fact that the applied thyristors need an ac voltage source in order to commutate and thus only can transfer power between two active ac networks. They are, therefore, less useful in connection with the wind farms as the offshore ac grid needs to be powered up prior to a possible startup. A further disadvantage of LCC-based HVDC transmission systems is the lack of the possibility to provide an independent control of the active and reactive powers. Furthermore, they produce large amounts of harmonics, which make the use of large filters inevitable. Voltage-source converter (VSC)-based HVDC transmission systems are gaining more and more attention not only for the grid connection of large offshore wind farms. Figure (b) shows the schematic of a VSC-based HVDC transmission system
Source:
Juan Manuel Carrasco, Leopoldo García Franquelo, Jan T. Bialasiewicz, Eduardo Galván, Ramón C. Portillo Guisado, Ángeles Martín Prats, José Ignacio León and Narciso Moreno-Alfonso “Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey”. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 53, No. 4, August 2006
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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The figure shows the scheme of a full power converter for a wind turbine. The machine-side three-phase converter works as a driver controlling the torque generator, using a vector control strategy. The grid-side three-phase converter permits windenergy transfer into the grid and enables to control the amount of the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid. It also keeps the total-harmonic-distortion (THD) coefficient as low as possible, improving the quality of the energy injected into the public grid. The induction generator of wind turbine is connected to a voltage-source inverter (VSI) used as a rectifier
Source:
Juan Manuel Carrasco, Leopoldo García Franquelo, Jan T. Bialasiewicz, Eduardo Galván, Ramón C. Portillo Guisado, Ángeles Martín Prats, José Ignacio León and Narciso Moreno-Alfonso “Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey”. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 53, No. 4, August 2006
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Sun –> energy provided from photovoltaic energy plant.
Wind –> similar from wind turbine(s)
Batt –> similar from battery bank
ene –> similar injected from electrical network external or utility electric network
In other image in red is the total suministed for this sources and red line is the demand. Other images is cost, evoluction of energy supply from each source and more details. It is made for me (Jorge Mírez) in Matlabb/Simulink and I utilized concept of linear programming. Image is from my destokp laptop.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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A simple block diagram of a hybrid power system is shown in Figure. The sources of electric power in this hybrid system consist of a diesel generator, a battery bank, a PV array, and a wind generator. The diesel generator is the main source of power around the world. The output of the diesel generator is regulated ac voltage, which supplies the load directly through the main distribution transformer. The battery bank, the PV array, and the wind turbine are interlinked through a dc bus. The RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) regulates the flow of power to and from the different units, depending on the load. The integration of a RTU into a hybrid power system is important to enhance the performance of the system. The overall purpose of the RTU is to give knowledgeable personnel the ability to monitor and control the hybrid system from an external control center. Since the hybrid systems of interest in this research are located in remote areas, the ability for external monitoring and control is of utmost importance. The RTU is interfaced with a variety of sensors and control devices located at key locations within the hybrid system. The RTU processes the data from these sensors and transmits it to a control center. In addition, the RTU is also capable of receiving control signals and adjusting parameters within the system without the physical presence of the operating personnel.
Source:
Richard W. Wies, Ron A. Johnson, Ashish N. Agrawal and Tyler J. Chubb «Simulink Model for Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of a PV With Diesel-Battery System for Remote Villages» IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, May 2005
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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DC grid of a Microgrid DC may be unipolar with ground as return path or bipolar with positive and negative terminal. The figure (a) and (b) depicts unipolar and bipolar grid respectively. If load connected to DC bus is DC such as TV, computers, fluorescent lamps; DC bus requires less power conversion stages. Since power conversion stages are less, losses in conversion also gets reduced.
Source:
Ganesh Patil, M. F. A. R. Satarkar, Gorakshanath Abande «New Scheme for Protection of DC Micro grid» International Journal of Innovative Reseach in Science, Engineering and Technology. Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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The present post describe the charge and discharge process of a battery bank of a microgrid. This microgrid have a aleatory voltage with inferior and superior limit. The current and electric power of charge and discharge is in picture. This simulation has writing and processing on Matlab/Simulink of MathaWorth Inc. Actually my interest is the control, optimization and management of microgrid DC. Greetings from Perú.
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Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
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Las microredes son sistemas eléctricos con capacidades de hasta 10 MVA, lo cual para América Latina es una potencia apreciable, sin embargo, en los estándares mundiales 10 MVA es un pizca energética y para lo cual hay que estar ya desde la formación universitaria acostumbrados a realizar todos los cálculos posibles bajo lo que acarrea en equipamiento ese nivel de potencia. La figura muestra un esquema de configuración de microred de corriente continua – acá nada que ver con la absurda y nostálgica idea de la lucha entre AC y DC, esas cosas son arcaicas y quedaron en el pasado, dado que son las actuales necesidades energética y de distribución las que determinan las decisiones en el mercado eléctrico – podrán ver entre elementos entre baterías electroquímicas, super condensadores, celdas de combustible, cargas eléctricas y una conexión hacia la red eléctrica externa. Hay mucha electrónica de potencia?…. Pero sí y lo hay, y no es que se quiera decir que se necesitan muchos ingenieros electrónicos, se necesitan pero buenos, además, estos sistemas ya tienen cierta madurez y son de fabricación masiva y lo bueno es que tienen todas las herramientas para una operación inteligente, así que evitaremos que las empresas nos vengan con el cuentito de que necesitan mantenimiento cada cierto tiempo – cosa que suele suceder es falso y en algunos equipos bastante absurdo – dado el reporte con que suplen con información al controlador central de la microred. Microredes y sus componentes es lo que ahora investigo mediante modelamiento matemático y simulaciones numéricas con Matlab/Simulink…
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Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu
Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-luis-mirez-tarrillo-94918423/
Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56488109800
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_dSpp4YAAAAJ
MATLAB Group Admin in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Matlab.Simulink.for.All
WhatsApp Channel/Canal: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCvpZsAYlUSz2esek2y
























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