Archive for the ‘Sustainable management’ Category
The DNO’s responsible for the technical operation in a medium and low voltage area, in which more than one Microgrids may exist. In addition, one or more MO’s are responsible for the Market Operation of this area. These two entities do not belong to the Microgrid, but they are the delegates of the grid. The DNO
refers to the operational functions of the system and the MO to the Market functions. It should be noted that, despite the autonomous operation of the Microgrid, it should ideally appear as a controlled, intelligent unit in coordination with the DNO.
The MGCC is the main responsible for the optimization of the Microgrid operation, or alternatively, it simply coordinates the local controllers, which assume the main responsibility for this optimization.
The LC’s control the Distributed Energy Resources (DER), production and storage units, and some of the local loads. Depending on themode of operation, they have certain level of intelligence, in order to take decisions locally. Of course, in any type of operation there are certain decisions that can be taken only locally.
Source:
Aris L. Dimeas, Nikos D. Natziargyriou «Operation of Multiagent System for Microgrid Control» IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, No. 3, August 2005.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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Sun –> energy provided from photovoltaic energy plant.
Wind –> similar from wind turbine(s)
Batt –> similar from battery bank
ene –> similar injected from electrical network external or utility electric network
In other image in red is the total suministed for this sources and red line is the demand. Other images is cost, evoluction of energy supply from each source and more details. It is made for me (Jorge Mírez) in Matlabb/Simulink and I utilized concept of linear programming. Image is from my destokp laptop.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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This figure represents the electrical demand in Ecuador. It is noted that during the study period, nearly doubled the demand for electricity. Currently Ecuador already has a transmission line at 500 kV. With technology centers as Yachay, I recommend that Ecuador must bet for the development of technologies such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines and biomass. Other technologies are possible and with higher added value.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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The DC bus coupled microgrid investigated in this paper is shown in Fig. 1. DC/DC converters for PV modules, a bidirectional DC/DC converter for battery, a bi-directional DC/AC converter and local loads share a DC bus. The modular photovoltaic generation system is the key element in this DC microgrid, which consists of three DC/DC converters with modular design and same ratings. These modular converters transfer the power generated by PV arrays to DC bus. The battery with bi-directional DC/DC
converter is used to balance the power differences between PV power supplies and local loads in islanding mode. The local loads include the auxiliary power supplies for microgrid operations, such as control/monitoring of PV arrays, battery monitoring, control/driving of converters. The bi-directional DC/AC converter is used to realize the connection between DC microgrid and AC grid
Reference:
Li Zhan, Tianjin Wu, Yan Xing, Kai Sun, Josep M. Guerrero. “Power Control of DC Microgrid Using DC Bus Signaling”. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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During operation a microgrid, sometimes; renewable energy sources and the external power grid, dispatched electric energy simultaneously. Sometimes, many sources is neccesary for supply to electric load. Also, all it, considering both economic and technical criteria. The figure represent la connection and disconnetion of sources for each state of performance of a microgrid. Too, it is applicable to other similar electric systems.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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In a microgrid, each energy source is required according to the criterion of costs and production capacity. During the operation time, accumulative energy from each source is represented in the figure. Criteria of linear optimization has been used in this modelling and simulation. This allows determining the nominal capacity and the ability to respond to sudden requests. Made on Matlab of MathWorks Inc.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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One of the most promising applications of renewable energy technology is the installation of hybrid
energy systems (HES) in remote areas, where the grid extension is costly and the cost of fuel increases drastically with the remoteness of the location. Recent research have shown that HES have an excellent potential, as a form of supplementary contribution to conventional power generation systems. In figure, one of the most common hybrid renewable system implemented and studied is described.
Source:
Francisco Goncalves Goina Mesquita. «Design Optimization of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy Systems». A Dissertation submitted under the scope of Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Major Energia. Fevereiro de 2010. Facultade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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The figure shows the minimum requirements for a VPP: a number of small participants (consumers or DERs); a communications network (the internet or dedicated lines); a communication platform with a common information model and a consensus on the communication architecture; a primary energy supply network; and a link to the energy market. The primary energy supply is the foundation of the VPP, the communication system forms the glue holding the VPP together, and the market link is the incentive which drives the system to service the needs of its owners and customers.A VPP may be dispersed over a large area, though in the case of islands and other microgrids it may equally well have tight geographical limits.
Source:
Riso Energy Report 8. “The intelligent energy system infraestructure for the future”. Riso National Laboratory. Technical University of Denmark. September 2009. ISBN 978-87-550-3754-0
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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Denmark is the only net exporter of energy in the EU. In 2005, production from Danish oil and gas fields in the North sea exceeded the country’s gross energy consumption by 56%. At the same time Denmark has an environmentally-friendly energy profile that includes considerable amounts of renewable energy, especially wind power; strong energy efficiency measures; and widespread use of combined heat and power (CHP). For more than 20 years Denmark has kept its gross energy consumption almost constant, with an increase of just 4% since 1985, despite a 70% increase in gross national product in the same period. In short, Denmark is in a far better energy situation than most countries in the EU
Source:
Riso Energy Report 6. «Future options for energy technologies». Riso National Laboratory. Technical University of Denmark. November 2007. ISBN 978-87-550-3611-6
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
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Currently, an increasing number of microgrid pilot sites can be observed in many parts of the world. It is true, however, that up to now,cost, policy and technology barriers have largely restrained the wide deployment of microgrids in distribution networks owing to their limited commercial appeal or social recognition. However, these three barriers are currently undergoing considerable changes – they are very likely to turn into key enablers in the future, eventually leading to a widespread microgrid adoption worldwide.
Firstly, the cost factor might prove to be the most effective driving force for microgrids in the very near future. This might happen not only because of the reduction of microsource costs, but also because of the relative changes of external opportunity costs due to economic (fluctuating market prices), technical (aging of network infrastructure) and environmental (emission trading) factors.
When microsource penetration at a LV grid becomes significant, participants in the electricity retail business will consider the aggregated power from small generators as a new market opportunity. Unlike in the case of VPP, microgrid stakeholders will eventually recognize a unique feature of aggregated microsource units, namely locality: the microsource units can potentially sell directly to end consumers in an “over-the-grid” manner. In order to turn this potential into reality, however, the second factor – appropriate policy and regulatory environment – is needed to enable the operation of a local market within a microgrid.
Finally, the adoption of favorable selling prices in local retail markets will attract even more microsource units, allowing the microgrid to operate islanded, if beneficial. With the help of smart metering, control and communication technologies, the microgrid operator will eventually be able to coordinate a large consortium of intermittent and controllable microsource units, as well as central and distributed storage devices, to achieve multiple objectives and, at the same time, to cater for the interests of different stakeholders.
Source:
MICROGRIDS: Architectures and Control
Nikos Hatziargynou
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
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Currently available DG technologies provide a wide variety of different active and reactive power generation options. The final configuration and operation schemes of a microgrid depend on potentially conflicting interests among different stakeholders involved in electricity supply, such as system/network operators, DG owners, DG operators, energy suppliers, customers and regulatory bodies. Therefore, optimal operation scheduling in microgrids can have economic, technical and environmental objectives
Depending on the stakeholders involved in the planning or operation process, four different microgrid operational objectives can be identified: economic option, technical option, environmental option and combined objective option.
In the economic option, the objective function is to minimize total costs regardless of network impact/performance. This option may be envisaged by DG owners or operators. DGs are operated without concern for grid or emission obligations. The main limitations come from the physical constraints of DG.
The technical option optimizes network operation (minimizing power losses, voltage variation and device loading), without consideration of DG production costs and revenues. This option might be preferred by system operators.
The environmental option dispatches DG units with lower specific emission levels with higher priority, disregarding financial or technical aspects. This is preferred for meeting environmental targets, currently mainly supported by regulatory schemes. DG dispatch is solely determined by emission quota; only DG physical limitations are considered.
The combined objective option solves a multi-objective DG optimal dispatch problem, taking into account all economic, technical and environmental factors. It converts technical and environmental criteria into economic equivalents, considering constraints from both network and DG physical limits. This approach could be relevant, for instance, to actors that participate not only in classical energy markets, but also in other potential markets for provision of network services and emission certificates
Source:
MICROGRIDS: Architectures and Control
Nikos Hatziargynou
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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FACTS devices can enhance the power flow on existing power lines. For the transmission line shown in figure, the sending end voltage isVS∠δS, the receiving end voltage is VR∠δR and the equivalent impedance of parallel connected lines isX. The power transfer through the lines is given by:
the figure also shows how FACTS devices act on the power transfer equation. The TCSC can change the impedance of the line, the STATCOM can control the voltage magnitude at
the terminal to which it is connected by injecting or absorbing reactive power and the UPFC can alter the phase angle of the sending end voltage, thus power flow through a line can be controlled in a number of ways.
Source:
SMART GRID
TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Janaka Ekanayake
Cardiff University, UK
Kithsiri Liyanage
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Jianzhong Wu
Cardiff University, UK
Akihiko Yokoyama
University of Tokyo, Japan
Nick Jenkins
Cardiff University, UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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The figure shows the DMSC controller building blocks that assess operating conditions and find the control settings for devices connected to the network. The key functions of the DMSC are state estimation, bad data detection and the calculation of optimal control settings. The DMSC receives a limited number of real-time measurements at set intervals from the network nodes. The measurements are normally voltage, load injections and power flow measurements from the primary substation and other secondary substations. These measurements are used to calculate the network operating conditions. In addition to these real-time measurements, the DMSC uses load models to forecast load injections at each node on the network for a given period that coincides with the real-time measurements. The network topology and impedances are also supplied to the DMSC.
The state estimator uses this data to assess the network conditions in terms of node voltage magnitudes, line power flows and network injections. Bad measurements coming to the system will be filtered using bad data detection and identification methods.
Source:
SMART GRID
TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Janaka Ekanayake
Cardiff University, UK
Kithsiri Liyanage
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Jianzhong Wu
Cardiff University, UK
Akihiko Yokoyama
University of Tokyo, Japan
Nick Jenkins
Cardiff University, UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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En este post muestro la portada de tesis «Implementación de un Sistema de Generación Distribuida con Energías Renovables ENDE Corporación» elaborado por Mario Torrico para la Universidad Privada del Valle en Cochabamba – Bolivia para optar el título de Ingeniero Electromecánico. Trabajo que compartimos durante unos tres meses de intercambio de información, modelos matemáticos y simulaciones numéricas, además de diálogo, envío de información, debate y varios borradores de tesis que iban y venían en el correo electrónico. Su defensa fue un éxito alcanzando la nota de 90/100 para alegría de Mario, de su familia, profesores, colegas y amigos. Éxitos Mario en tu vida profesional, tengo un colega amigo más :)D . En lo personal el tema fue muy interesante e implicó ingresar en una temática no desarrollada e innovadora… la portada de la tesis esta bonita también. Saludos a la plurinación boliviana… A quienes desean desarrollar conmigo sus tesis (Yo como Asesor Externo) a nivel de pregrado y postgrado, así como desarrollar sus proyectos de investigación tanto en universidades, institutos o empresas me escriben.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
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Atiendo a esta reunión bastante importante es que gracias al apoyo de CYTED y CEDER-CIEMAT es que daremos esta conferencia en el marco del IIi Congreso Iberoamericano de Microredes con Generación Distribuida de Renovables. Este evento sirve de marco para el intercambio de información, experiencias y el tomar en contacto con investigadores provenientes de diferentes países de habla hispana y no hispana, dedicados al sector energía y otros sectores incluyendo el aeroespacial en que el uso de fuentes de energía como sol, viento, biomasa, celdas de combustible, entre otras es bastante importante. Y no sólo eso, importante y quizás mucho más lo que es las técnicas de control, predicción, modelamiento y simulación, software desarrollado que son las cosas de mayor valor agregado, la combinación de diferentes escenarios de trabajo y de implementación en industrias, centros de atención de salud, barcos, naves espaciales, soporte de vida en condiciones extremas, etc. Les dejo la portada de mi presentación y cualquier comunicación a jorgemirez2002@gmail.com, y quienes estén por acá, estaremos conversando.
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Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
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En la presente entrada muestro el resultado de un proceso de simulación en Matlab/Simulink de una turbina de viento de 100 kW sobre la cual incide un perfil de velocidades recolectadas durante un período de tiempo de 24 horas. Pueden ver como es que el comportamiento de las diferentes variables tales como la corriente, la potencia, el coeficiente de potencia y el ángulo de ataque. En sí el perfil de velocidad es cada hora, pero bien se puede colocar un data recolecta de menor tiempo de toma de datos, eso haría una gráfica bastante aleatoria por lo que he tratado en esta vez de que se vea un tanto asequible y entendible. Lo que se puede hacer mediante modelos matemáticos construidos adecuadamente y procesos de simulación en software de alto nivel es amplio y poderoso, siempre y cuando se tenga la capacidad de evaluar los resultados bajo un adecuado nivel de crítica, conocimientos de ingeniería y de buscar siempre la perfección del modelo matemático.
PD: Por si acaso el modelo de turbina hecho en Matlab/Simulink está a la venta.
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Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
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Cualquier instalación de equipos de energía involucra en sí la realización de un proyecto que parte desde atender una necesidad energética o en todo caso proyectarse hacia una demanda energética por abastecerse. Una de las fuentes son las alternativas renovables, las que hay que considerar que son las turbinas eólicas, energía solar, etc. Estas tienen un costo inicial que en sí es una inversión que se cuenta en negativo, a partir de ahí el proyecto va recuperando su inversión en la medida que el costo de energía producida es menor al que se hubiera seguido usando la misma fuente energética. La figura muestra dos casos tanto para un usuario en baja tensión como en media tensión con valores asumidos, de implementación de paneles solares. Un usuario en baja tensión recupera mucho más rápido su inversión, pero al final del proyecto que viene a ser unos 15 años ambos están en ganancia. Recordar que los paneles solares los venden ahora con una garantía de 20 años y hasta de 25 años. Los modelo matemático y las curvas son hechas en Matlab de MathWork Inc.
The information related to this post for sale for US $ 200.00. You can make payments through PayPal account: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com or send an e-mail to receive PayPal invoice and make your payment quickly and easily. Tell us (through e-mail) the name of the input or inputs that interests you. // La información relacionada con este post en venta por US $ 200.00. Usted puede hacer pagos a través de cuenta PayPal: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com o enviar un e-mail para recibir la factura de PayPal y hacer su pago de forma rápida y sencilla. Díganos (por medio de email) el nombre de la entrada o entradas que le interese.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu
Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-luis-mirez-tarrillo-94918423/
Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56488109800
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_dSpp4YAAAAJ
MATLAB Group Admin in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Matlab.Simulink.for.All
WhatsApp Channel/Canal: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCvpZsAYlUSz2esek2y
Tener datos aporta mucho en los trabajos de investigación, dado que sirven para comparar modelos teóricos con datos experimentales. Los modelos teóricos con sus resultados son de por sí todo válidos, en la medida que estén bien formulados y presenten una realidad simulada con bastante aproximación. Simulaciones numéricas son el cuco en América Latina, acá desean «ver para creer» (por eso estamos como estamos). Entonces junto con un estudiante Mario en Bolivia, progresamos avanzando en el estudio de entender el comportamiento del sistema eléctrico y para ello datos sin importar la fecha que sean obtenidas, son analizadas para ser adecuadamente interpretadas y dimensionadas en las investigaciones que vamos llevando. Curvas de producción y demanda con sus pendientes positivas y negativas, con su rapidez de cambio (variación de la pendiente) que implican los requerimientos técnicos a las generadoras así como el reflejo del comportamiento de la demanda. La gráfica es un ejemplo, siendo un reflejo de la demanda y producción con datos simulados de Bolivia.
The information related to this post for sale for US $ 50.00. You can make payments through PayPal account: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com or send an e-mail to receive PayPal invoice and make your payment quickly and easily. Tell us (through e-mail) the name of the input or inputs that interests you. // La información relacionada con este post en venta por US $ 50.00. Usted puede hacer pagos a través de cuenta PayPal: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com o enviar un e-mail para recibir la factura de PayPal y hacer su pago de forma rápida y sencilla. Díganos (por medio de email) el nombre de la entrada o entradas que le interese (Dinero que será destinado a publicar esta investigación conjunta)
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu
Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-luis-mirez-tarrillo-94918423/
Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56488109800
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_dSpp4YAAAAJ
MATLAB Group Admin in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Matlab.Simulink.for.All
WhatsApp Channel/Canal: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCvpZsAYlUSz2esek2y
El año 2011 es un año interesante para ver como va la implementación de las energías renovables a nivel mundial y volumen de las potencias involucradas, en especial, frente a realidades como lo son África, América Latina, Centro América y Antillas. El abastecimiento de energía depende de la economía y el grado de desarrollo de un país, o en inversa, la producción por parte de grandes industrias y medianas industrias involucra mayor necesidad de energía eléctrica. En la figura que muestra sólo el año 2011 y a la fecha han pasado ya varios años y las potencias en cada país ha cambiado, llama la atención Alemania y la potencia implementada que hace añicos a varios países y es que como economía: la calidad, puntualidad, esmero, alta tecnología, innovación, alto nivel educativo, eficiencia entre otras virtudes vertidas en un sin fin de productos de poca, media y alta tecnología… siempre hay mercado para tales mercancías…
The information related to this post for sale for US $ 5.00. You can make payments through PayPal account: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com or send an e-mail to receive PayPal invoice and make your payment quickly and easily. Tell us (through e-mail) the name of the input or inputs that interests you. // La información relacionada con este post en venta por US $ 5.00. Usted puede hacer pagos a través de cuenta PayPal: jorgemirez2002@gmail.com o enviar un e-mail para recibir la factura de PayPal y hacer su pago de forma rápida y sencilla. Díganos (por medio de email) el nombre de la entrada o entradas que le interese.
Dr. Jorge Luis Mírez Tarrillo
Group of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation (GMMNS).
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
E-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe
Website Personal: https://jorgemirez2002.wixsite.com/jorgemirez
Facebook http://www.facebook.com/jorgemirezperu
Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-luis-mirez-tarrillo-94918423/
Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56488109800
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_dSpp4YAAAAJ
MATLAB Group Admin in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Matlab.Simulink.for.All
WhatsApp Channel/Canal: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbCvpZsAYlUSz2esek2y
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Dear reader, if you wish to make a donation or are interested in any information or code, please contact me (e-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe). Donations will allow you to continue studying and researching, and also to provide more information on this blog. My PayPal account is jorgemirez2002@gmail.com or if it is by bank transfer write to my email jmirez@uni.edu.pe. Any amount of money is welcome. Thank you.
Estimado lector, si desean hacer una donación o le interesa alguna información o código, favor ponerse en contacto con mi persona (e-mail: jmirez@uni.edu.pe). Las donaciones va a permitir seguir estudiando e investigando, y además, el poder brindar más información en este blog. Mi cuenta en PayPal es jorgemirez2002@gmail.com o si es por transferencia bancaria escribirme a mi correo jmirez@uni.edu.pe. Cualquier cantidad de dinero es bienvenido. Gracias.
Datos Generales
Good day. My full name is Jorge Luis MIREZ TARRILLO.
I am Peruvian and live in Lima, capital of Perú in South America.I am Mechanical Electrical Engineering, MSc Physics and Dr. Physics (title doctoral thesis: Control, Optimization, and Management of Microgrid Current Direct)
Too, actually job as Principal Professor in Faculty of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering of Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (National University of Engineering) in Lima – PERU (Courses: Modern Physics, Differential Equations and Research's Methodology)
My subjects of my interest are control, signal processing, optimization, simulation, biomedical research, smart grid, microgrid, water.
I have experience in Matlab/Simulink programming, biomedical equipment, electrical systems, renewable energies, microgrids, saturated steam systems 100 psi and organizing academic events.
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